C++ TUTORIALS - C++ Date & Time

C++ Date & Time

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SN	Function & Purpose
1	*time_t time(time_t time);** This returns the current calendar time of the system in number of seconds elapsed since January 1, 1970. If the system has no time, .1 is returned.
2	*char ctime(const time_t time);* This returns a pointer to a string of the form day month year hours:minutes:seconds year\n\0.
3	*struct tm localtime(const time_t time);* This returns a pointer to the tm structure representing local time.
4	clock_t clock(void); This returns a value that approximates the amount of time the calling program has been running. A value of .1 is returned if the time is not available.
5	*char asctime ( const struct tm * time );** This returns a pointer to a string that contains the information stored in the structure pointed to by time converted into the form: day month date hours:minutes:seconds year\n\0
6	*struct tm gmtime(const time_t time);* This returns a pointer to the time in the form of a tm structure. The time is represented in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which is essentially Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
7	*time_t mktime(struct tm time);** This returns the calendar-time equivalent of the time found in the structure pointed to by time.
8	double difftime ( time_t time2, time_t time1 ); This function calculates the difference in seconds between time1 and time2.
9	size_t strftime(); This function can be used to format date and time a specific format.

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struct tm {
  int tm_sec;   // seconds of minutes from 0 to 61
  int tm_min;   // minutes of hour from 0 to 59
  int tm_hour;  // hours of day from 0 to 24
  int tm_mday;  // day of month from 1 to 31
  int tm_mon;   // month of year from 0 to 11
  int tm_year;  // year since 1900
  int tm_wday;  // days since sunday
  int tm_yday;  // days since January 1st
  int tm_isdst; // hours of daylight savings time
}

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						Current date and time:

#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>

using namespace std;

int main( )
{
   // current date/time based on current system
   time_t now = time(0);
   
   // convert now to string form
   char* dt = ctime(&now);

   cout << "The local date and time is: " << dt << endl;

   // convert now to tm struct for UTC
   tm *gmtm = gmtime(&now);
   dt = asctime(gmtm);
   cout << "The UTC date and time is:"<< dt << endl;
}

						Format time using struct tm:

#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>

using namespace std;

int main( )
{
   // current date/time based on current system
   time_t now = time(0);

   cout << "Number of sec since January 1,1970:" << now << endl;

   tm *ltm = localtime(&now);

   // print various components of tm structure.
   cout << "Year: "<< 1900 + ltm->tm_year << endl;
   cout << "Month: "<< 1 + ltm->tm_mon<< endl;
   cout << "Day: "<<  ltm->tm_mday << endl;
   cout << "Time: "<< 1 + ltm->tm_hour << ":";
   cout << 1 + ltm->tm_min << ":";
   cout << 1 + ltm->tm_sec << endl;
}